Design of a Lintel
INTRODUCTION
Before coming to the design part, it is important to know the importance of lintels in structure. A lintel is a horizontal structural member that is present on top of doors, windows, etc. to support the top load falling on these openings. These are used for load bearing purposes, to transfer its load to the side walls and sometimes for decorative purposes. These can be made of wood or concrete; however, concrete is widely used due to its strength and durability. These can also be prestressed for better load carrying capacity.
The breadth of the lintel should be equal to the thickness of openings& depth should be in the range of l/12 to l/8 of the span. The minimum breadth of the lintel must be 80 mm. Moreover, these must be supported sufficiently at each end. Also, the length of lintel in case of masonry wall is calculated by taking the measurement of the total width of the opening and adding 150 mm for end-bearings at each end. In a house, the level of lintel is generally the soffit level of a door or window. For residential purpose, its height is kept 2.1 meters or 7 feet. The height of the door jam, which is not fastened or secured, is the lintel level.
Here an example is shown to calculate the reinforcements and other design aspects of lintel. The design calculation of lintel is similar to beam design calculations. The difference is there in the diameter taken for reinforcements as in case of beam large diameters are used while in case of lintels small diameters are used.
A clear cover of 25 mm is taken for lintels which is same as the clear covers for beams. Design aid SP-16 is used for calculation. Grade of concrete used is M20 and for steel Fe 500 is used. Since partial fixity is there hence the bending moment formula wl2/10 is used instead of wl2/8. Other data if not mentioned are assumed in this example. The calculation is done in simple manner for easy understanding of the problem. The height of the building is taken 3 meters and in this height beam width of beam is also included for easy deduction in the example.
DESIGN OF LINTEL
Height of storey including beam= 3 m.
Let the lintel beam size= 125 mm × 201 mm
Height of the wall above lintel= 3-2.02-0.201-0.45
= 0.33 mm.
Using 12 φ steel reinforcement bar and a clear cover of 25 mm.
Therefore, davailable = 201-25- [12/2] = 170 mm.
